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LITTLE NATURE LIBRARY
BUTTERFLIES WORTH KNOWING
BY CLARENCE M. WEED, D. Sc.
AUTHOR OF
Seeing Nature First, Nature Biographies, Ten New
England Blossoms, The Flower Beautiful,
etc.
Illustrated by Thirty-two Plates Sixteen in Color
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1923
PREFACE
IN THIS little book an attempt has been made to discuss the more abundant and widely distributed butterflies of eastern North America from the point of view of their life histories and their relations to their surroundings. In so doing I have of course availed myself of the written records of a host of students of butterflies, without whose labors no such volume would be possible. Among these two names stand out preeminent--William H. Edwards and Samuel H. Scudder. Each was the author of a sumptuous work on American butterflies to which all later students must refer, both for information and for inspiration. Many others, however, have made notable contributions to our literature of these ethereal creatures. Every seeker after a knowledge of butterflies will soon find himself indebted to the writings of such investigators as the Comstocks, Denton, Dickerson, Dyar, Fernaid, Fiske, Fletcher, French, Hancock, Holland, Howard, Longstaff, Newcomb, Riley, Skinner, Wright, and many others. I am glad to express my obligations to all of these for the assistance their records have given in the preparation of this book.
While a vast amount of knowledge of butterflies has already been discovered there is still more to be learned concerning them, and throughout these pages I have attempted to indicate the more important opportunities awaiting investigation. The day of the field naturalist has come again and the butterflies are well worthy of careful observations by many interested students.
The illustrations in the book require a word of credit. The eleven color plates of adult butterflies with wings spread have been made direct from a set of the remarkable transfers which Mr. Sherman F. Denton has been preparing for the last quarter-century, this particular set having been prepared especially for this book. Transfers of this sort were used as insets in Mr. Denton's work on the "Moths and Butterflies of the United States," published in a limited edition by J. B. Millet Company, Boston. The other plates not reproduced from photographs are from drawings by Miss Mary E. Walker or Mr. W. I. Beecroft. In case the photographs are not of my own taking, credit is given beneath each. Two of my photographs have already appeared in "Seeing Nature First" and are here used by permission of its publishers, J. B. Lippincott Company.
C. M. W.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL,
Lowell, Mass.
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CONTENTS HIBERNATION OR WINTER LETHARGY AESTIVATION OR SUMMER LETHARGY SELECTIVE COLOR SENSE IN BUTTERFLIES WARNING COLORATION AND MIMICRY PARASITIC ENEMIES OF BUTTERFLIES REARING BUTTERFLIES FROM CATERPILLARS THE TRUE BUTTERFLIES--SUPERFAMILY Papionoidea SWALLOWTAILS
( Papilionidae) WHITES, ORANGE-TIPS, AND YELLOWS (Pieridae).
The Tribe of the Whites:
The Tribe of the Orange-tips:
The Tribe of the Yellows:
NYMPHS
(Nymphalidae)
The Tribe of the
Crescent-spots:
The Tribe of the
Angle-wings:
The Tribe of the
Sovereigns:
The Tribe of the Emperors:
MEADOW-BROWNS
OR SATYRS
(Agapetidae) HELICONIANS
(Heliconidae) MILKWEED
BUTTERFLIES ( Lymnadidae) SNOUT
BUTTERFLIES OR LONG-BEAKS (Libytheidae) METAL-MARKS
(Riodinidae) GOSSAMER-WINGS
(Lycaenidae)
The Tribe of the Coppers:
The Tribe of the Blues:
THE SKIPPER BUTTERFLIES--SUPERFAMILY (Hesperioidea) GIANT
SKIPPERS
(Megathymidae) COMMON
SKIPPERS (Hesperiidae)
The Tribe of the Smaller
Skippers: |
