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BY
EDWARD
S. MORSE DIRECTOR
of THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE; LATE
PROFESSOR OF ZOÖLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF TOKIO, JAPAN; MEMBER OF THE
NATIONAL
ACADEMY OF SCIENCE; FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND
SCIENCES; ETC.
WITH
ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR BOSTON
TICKNOR AND COMPANY 211
Tremont Street 1888
Copyright,
1885, BY
EDWARD S. MORSE. FOURTH
EDITION. University
Press; JOHN
WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE. TO
WILLIAM
STURGIS BIGELOW, M.D. IN
MEMORY OF THE DELIGHTFUL EXPERIENCES IN THE "Heart
of Japan" THIS
VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR
PREFACE. IN an exceedingly interesting
article on the early
study of the Dutch in Japan, by Professor K. Mitsukuri,1
the author
has occasion to refer to the uncle of one of the three famous Japanese
scholars
who translated into Japanese a Dutch book on anatomy. He says this
uncle
"Miyada was almost eccentric in his disposition. He held it to be a
solemn
duty to learn any art or accomplishment that might be going out of the
world,
and then describe it so fully that it might be preserved to posterity."
The nephew was faithful to his uncle's instructions, and "though
following
medicine for his profession, he took it upon himself to learn
'hitoyogiri,' — a
certain kind of music which was well-nigh forgotten, — and even went so
far as
to study a kind of dramatic acting." Though not animated by Miyada's
spirit when I set
about the task of collecting the material embodied in this work, I feel
now
that the labor has not been altogether in vain, as it may result in
preserving
many details of the Japanese house, — some of them trivial, perhaps, —
which in
a few decades of years may be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain.
Whether
this has been accomplished or not, the praiseworthy ambition of the old
Japanese
scholar might well be imitated by the ethnological student in his
investigations, — since nothing can be of greater importance than the
study of
those nations and peoples who are passing through profound changes and
readjustments as a result of their compulsory contact with the
vigorous,
selfish, and mercantile nations of the West, accompanied on their part
by a
propagandism in some respects equally mercenary and selfish. Thanks to the activity of a
number of students of
various nationalities in the employ of the Japanese government, and
more
especially to the scholarly attachés of the English
legation in Japan,
much information has been obtained concerning this interesting people
which
might otherwise have been lost. If investigators and students would
bear in
mind the precept of Miyada, and seize upon those features in social
life —
forms of etiquette, games, ceremonies, and other manners and customs —
which
are the first to change in any contact with alien races, a very
important work
would be accomplished for the future sociologist. The native Japanese
student
might render the greatest service in this work by noting down from the
older
persons, before it is too late, the social features and habits of his
own
people as they were before the late Revolution. Profound changes have
already
taken place in Japan, and other changes are still in progress. As an
indication
of the rapidity of some of these changes, reference might be made to an
interesting memoir, by Mr. McClatchie, on "The Feudal Mansions of
Yedo;"
and though this was written but ten years after the revolution of 1868,
he
speaks of the yashiki, or fortified mansions where
dwelt the feudal
nobles of Japan, as in "many cases deserted, ruined, and fallen into
decay;" and he describes observances and manners connected with the
yashiki, such as "etiquette of the gates," "exchange of
yashiki," "rules relating to fires," etc., which were then
obsolete at the time of his writing, though in full force but a few
years
before. I shall be particularly grateful
for any facts
concerning the Japanese house beyond those recorded in this book, or
which may
be already in my possession, as also for the correction of any errors
which may
have unavoidably been made in the text. Should a second edition of this
work be
called for, such new information and corrections will be incorporated
therein,
with due acknowledgments. I wish to express my gratitude
to Dr. W. S. Bigelow,
whose delightful companionship I enjoyed during the collection of many
of the
facts and sketches contained in this volume, and whose hearty sympathy
and
judicious advice were of the greatest service to me. To Professor and
Mrs. E.
F. Fenollosa, also, my thanks are especially due for unnumbered
kindnesses
during my last visit to Japan. I would also here return my
thanks to a host of
Japanese friends who have at various times, in season and out of
season,
granted me the privilege of sketching their homes and examining their
dwellings
from top to bottom in quest of material for this volume; who
furthermore have
answered questions, translated terms, hunted up information, and in
many ways
aided me, — so that it may be truly said, that had this assistance been
withheld, but little of my special work could have been accomplished.
Any
effort to recall the names of all these friends would lead to the
unavoidable
omission of some; nevertheless, I must specially mention Mr. H. Takamine,
Director of the Tokio Normal School; Dr. Seiken Takenaka; Mr. Tsunejiro
Miyaoka; Mr. S. Tejima, Director of the Tokio Educational Museum;
Professors
Toyama, Yatabe, Kikuchi, Mitsukuri, Sasaki, and Kozima, and Mr.
Ishikawa and
others, of the University of Tokio; Mr. Isawa and Mr. Kodzu, Mr.
Fukuzawa, the
distinguished teacher and author; Mr. Kashiwagi, Mr. Kohitsu, and Mr.
Masuda. I
must also acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. H. Kato, Director of the
University of Tokio, to Mr. Hattori, Vice-director, and to Mr. Hamao
and other
officers of the Educational Department, for many courtesies, and for
special
accommodations during my last visit to Japan. Nor must I omit to
mention Mr.
Tachibana, Director of the nobles' school; Mr. Kikkawa, Mr. Tahara, Mr.
Kineko,
Mr. Ariga, Mr. Tanada, Mr. Nakawara, Mr. Yamaguchi, Mr. Negishi of
Kabutoyama,
and many others, who supplied me with various notes of interest. In
this
country I have been specially indebted to Mr. A. S. Mihara and Mr. S.
Fukuzawa,
for valuable assistance during the preparation of the text; and to Mr.
Arakawa,
Mr. Shiraishi, Mr. Shugio, and Mr. Yamada of New York, for timely aid. To the Board of Trustees of the
Peabody Academy of
Science, who, recognizing the ethnological value of the work I had in
hand,
granted me a release from my duties as Director until I could complete
it; and
to Professor John Robinson, Treasurer of the Academy, and Mr. T. F.
Hunt, for
friendly suggestions and helpful interest, as also to Mr. Percival
Lowell for
numerous courtesies, — my thanks are due. I must not forget to record
here my
indebtedness to Mr. A. W. Stevens, chief proof-reader of the University
Press,
for his invaluable assistance in the literary part of my labors, and
for his
faithful scrutiny of the proof-sheets. At the same time I desire to
thank Miss
Margarette W. Brooks for much aid given to me in my work; my daughter,
Miss
Edith 0. Morse, for the preliminary tracings of the drawings from my
journals;
Mr. L. S. Ipsen, who drew the unique and beautiful design for the cover
of this
book; Mr. A. V. S. Anthony for judicious supervision of the
process-work in the
illustrations; the University Press for its excellent workmanship in
the
printing of the book; and the Publishers for the generous manner in
which they
have supported the undertaking. I will only add, that the excellent
Index to be
found at the end of this book was prepared by Mr. Charles H. Stevens. EDWARD S. MORSE. SALEM,
MASS., U. S. A.
November, 1885. ________________ 1
Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. v. part i. p. 207. CONTENTS. THE HOUSE. APPEARANCE
OF CITY AND VILLAGE. — GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF HOUSE. — HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION. —
FRAME-WORK AND FOUNDATION. — BRACING. — SELECTION OF STOCK. —
CONSTRUCTION OF
CEILING. — PARTITIONS AND WALLS. — STRUCTURE OF KURA. — JAPANESE
CARPENTERS. —
CARPENTERS' TOOLS AND APPLIANCES CHAPTER II. TYPES OF HOUSES. CITY
AND COUNTRY HOUSES. — FISHERMEN'S HOUSES. — KURA. — A STUDY OF ROOFS. —
SHINGLED ROOFS. — TILED ROOFS. — STONE ROOFS. — THATCHED ROOFS CHAPTER III. INTERIORS. GENERAL
DESCRIPTION. — PLANS. — MATS. — SLIDING SCREENS. — FUSUMA. — HIKITE. —
SHŌJI. —
TOKONOMA. — CHIGAI-DANA. — TEA-ROOMS. — KURA. — CEILINGS. — WALLS. —
RAMMA. —
WINDOWS. — PORTABLE SCREENS
CHAPTER IV. INTERIORS — (Continued). KITCHEN.
— FLOORS. — CLOSETS. — STAIRWAYS. — PUBLIC BATHING.
— BATHING CONVENIENCES. — TOWEL-RACKS. — BEDDING AND
PILLOWS. —
HIBACHI AND TABAKO-BON. — CANDLES AND CANDLESTICKS. — LAMPS AND
LANTERNS. —
HOUSEHOLD SHRINES. — BIRDS' NESTS IN HOUSES. — PRIVIES CHAPTER V. ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES. VESTIBULE
AND HALL. — VERANDAH AND BALCONY. — AMADO. TOBUKURO. — CHŌDZU-BACHI. —
GATEWAYS. — FENCES
CHAPTER VI. GARDENS. STONE
TABLETS. — ISHI-DŌRŌ. — BRIDGES. — SUMMER-HOUSES. — PONDS. — PATHWAYS.
—
DWARF-TREES AND FLOWER-POTS. — VIEWS OF PRIVATE GARDENS
CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. WELLS
AND WATER-SUPPLY. — FLOWERS. — INTERIOR ADORNMENTS. — PRECAUTIONS
AGAINST FIRE.
— HOUSES OF FOREIGN STYLE. — ABSENCE OF MONUMENTS
CHAPTER VIII. THE ANCIENT HOUSE. ALLUSIONS
TO THE HOUSE IN ANCIENT JAPANESE RECORDS CHAPTER IX. THE NEIGHBORING HOUSE. HOUSE OF THE AINO. — OF THE HACHIJÔ ISLANDER. — OF THE LOOCHOOAN. — OF THE KOREAN. — OF THE CHINESE. — CONCLUDING REMARKS GLOSSARY
FIG. 1. A VIEW IN TOKIO,
SHOWING SHOPS AND HOUSES. (COPIED FROM A
PHOTOGRAPH ) " 2. A VIEW IN TOKIO,
SHOWING TEMPLES AND GARDENS. (COPIED FROM
A PHOTOGRAPH.)
" 3. VIEW OF ENOSHIMA.
(COPIED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH.)
" 4. SIDE-FRAMING
" 5. POUNDING DOWN
FOUNDATION STONES
" 6. FOUNDATION STONE
" 7. SECTION OF FRAMING
" 8. FRAMING
" 9. END-FRAMING OF
LARGE BUILDING
" 10. ROOF-FRAME OF
LARGE BUILDING
" 11. ROOF-FRAMING OF
KURA "
12. FRAMING OF AN ORDINARY TWO-STORIED HOUSE. (FROM A
JAPANESE DRAWING)
" 13. OUTSIDE BRACES " 14. OUTSIDE BRACE " 15. ORNAMENTAL BRACE
" 16. METHOD OF CUTTING
TIMBER FOR HOUSE-FINISH
" 17. SECTION OF POST
GROOVED FOR PARTITION
" 18. BUNDLE OR
BOARDS " 19. SECTION OF CEILING
" 20. CEILING-RAFTERS
SUPPORTED TEMPORARILY
" 21. METHOD OF
SUSPENDING CEILING AS SEEN FROM ABOVE
" 22. CEILING-BOARD
WEIGHTED WITH STONES
" 23. CEILING.-BOARD IN
CLOSET
"
24. METHOD OF REMOVING BOARDS FROM BUNDLE TO PRESERVE
UNIFORMITY OF GRAIN
" 25. ARRANGEMENT OF
SQUARE TILES ON SIDE OF HOUSE
FIG. 26. A JAPANESE
CARPENTER'S VISE " 27. CARPENTER'S TOOLS
IN COMMON USE " 28. A JAPANESE
NAIL-BASKET " 29. A CARPENTER'S
MARKING-BRUSH MADE OF WOOD " 30. THE SUMI-TSUBO " 31. THE JAPANESE
PLUMB-LINE " 32. ANCIENT CARPENTER
(COPIED FROM AN OLD PAINTING) FIG 33. STREET IN KANDA KU,
TOKIO " 34. STREET IN KANDA
KU, TOKIO " 35. BLOCK OF CHEAP
TENEMENTS IN TOKIO " 36. STREET VIEW OF
DWELLING OF TOKIO " 37. VIEW OF DWELLING
FROM GARDEN, IN TOKIO " 38. DWELLING NEAR
KUDAN, TOKIO " 39. COUNTRY INN IN
RIKUZEN " 40. COUNTRY INN IN
RIKUZEN " 41. HOUSE NEAR
MORORAN, YEZO " 42. BAY-WINDOW,
VILLAGE OF ODZUKA, RIKUZEN " 43. THREE-STORIED
HOUSE OF RIKUCHIU " 44. STREET IN THE
SUBURBS OF MORIOKA " 45. OLD FARM-HOUSE IN
KABUTOYAMA
" 46. ENTRANCE TO
COURT-YARD OF OLD HOUSE IN KIOTO " 47. OLD HOUSE IN
KIOTO. COURT-YARD VIEW
" 48. OLD HOUSE IN
KIOTO. GARDEN VIEW
" 49. HOUSE IN TOKIO " 50. VIEW FROM SECOND
STORY OF DWELLING IN IMADO, TOKIO
" 51. OLD INN IN
MISHIMA, SURUGA
" 52. VILLAGE STREET IN
NAGAIKE, YAMASHIRO
" 53. SHORE OF OSUMI " 54. FARMERS' HOUSES
IN MOTOTARU-MIDSU, OSUMI " 55. FISHERMEN'S HUTS
IN HAKODATE " 56. FISHERMEN'S
HOUSES AT ENOSHIMA " 57. KURA IN TOKIO " 58. KURA, OR
FIRE-PROOF BUILDINGS IN TOKIO
(FROM SKETCH BY S. KOYAMA) " 59. OLD HOUSE IN
HAKODATE
FIG. 60. HISASHI " 61. BUNCH OF
SHINGLES, NAILS, AND HAMMER " 62. SHINGLER'S HAND " 63. BAMBOO STRIPS ON
SHINGLE-ROOF
" 64. ROOF WITH
SHINGLES PARTLY LAID
" 65. RIDGE OF
SHINGLE-ROOF IN MUSASHI " 66. WATER-CONDUCTOR
" 67. RIDGE OF TILED
ROOF
" 68. ORNAMENTAL COPING
OF TILES
" 69. ORNAMENTAL COPING
OF TILES
" 70. ORNAMENTAL COPING
OF TILES
" 71. EAVES OF TILED
ROOF
" 72. NAGASAKI TILED
ROOF
" 73. HON-GAWARA, OR
TRUE TILE
" 74. YEDO-GAWARA, OR
YEDO-TILE EAVES
" 75. FRENCH-TILE EAVES
" 76. IWAMI TILE FOR
RIDGE
" 77. STONE ROOF
THATCHED
ROOFS, ETC. FIG. 78. THATCH AND
THATCHERS' IMPLEMENTS
" 79. END OF ROOF IN
FUJITA, IWAKI
" 80. TILED RIDGE OF
THATCHED ROOF IN IWAKI " 81. TILED RIDGE OF
THATCHED ROOF IN MUSASHI
" 82. BAMBOO RIDGE OF
THATCHED ROOF IN MUSASHI
" 83. THATCHED ROOF,
NEAR TOKIO " 84. THATCHED ROOF,
NEAR TOKIO.
(FROM PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BY PERCIVAL LOWELL, ESQ.) " 85. RIDGE OF THATCHED
ROOF AT KABUTOYAMA, MUSASHI
" 86. CREST OF THATCHED
ROOF IN OMI
" 87. TILE AND BAMBOO
RIDGE OF THATCHED ROOF, TAKATSUKI, SETSU " 88. CREST OF THATCHED
ROOF IN MIKAWA
" 89. CREST OF THATCHED
ROOF IN KIOTO " 90. CREST OF THATCHED
ROOF IN MIKAWA
" 91. CREST OF THATCHED
ROOF IN KII
" 92 THATCHED ROOF IN YAMATO
" 93. CREST OF THATCHED
ROOF IN TŌTŌMI
" 94. CREST OF THATCHED
ROOF IN ISE
" 95. PAVED SPACE UNDER
EAVES OF THATCHED ROOF
FIG. 96. GUEST-ROOM AT
HACHI-ISHI " 97. PLAN OF
DWELLING-HOUSE IN TOKIO
" 98. PLAN OF
DWELLING-HOUSE IN TOKIO
" 99. PLAN OF A PORTION
OF A DAIMIO'S RESIDENCE
" 100. MAT
" 101. ARRANGEMENT OF
MATS IN DIFFERENT-SIZED ROOMS " 102. ATTITUDE OF
WOMAN IN SITTING
" 103. SECTION THROUGH
VERANDAH AND GUEST-ROOM
" 104. REED-SCREEN
" 105. SLIDING PANEL " 106. HIKITE
" 107. HIKITE
" 108. HIKITE
" 109. HIKITE " 110. HIKITE WITH CORD
" 111. STRAIGHTENING
SHŌJI-FRAME " 112. SHŌJI WITH
ORNAMENTAL FRAME
" 113. PORTION OF
TOKO-BASHIRA.
" 114-117.
ORNAMENTAL-HEADED NAILS
" 118. SHELVES
CONTRASTED WITH CONVENTIONAL DRAWING OF MIST,
OR CLOUDS
FIG. 119. GUEST-ROOM " 120. GUEST-ROOM, WITH
RECESSES IN CORNER
" 121. GUEST-ROOM,
SHOWING CIRCULAR WINDOW
" 122. GUEST-ROOM,
SHOWING WRITING-PLACE
" 123. GUEST-ROOM, WITH
WIDE TOKONOMA
" 124. SMALL GUEST-ROOM
" 125. GUEST-ROOM OF
DWELLING IN TOKIO
" 126. GUEST-ROOM IN
KIYOMIDZU, KIOTO
" 127. GUEST-ROOM OF
DWELLING IN TOKIO
" 128. GUEST-ROOM OF A
COUNTRY HOUSE " 129. CORNER OF
GUEST-ROOM
FIG. 130. TEA-ROOM IN
NAN-EN-JI TEMPLE, KIOTO
" 131. TEA-ROOM IN
FUJIMI POTTERY, NAGOYA
" 132. TEA-ROOM IN
MIYAJIMA " 133. KITCHEN FOR
TEA-UTENSILS
" 134. TEA-ROOM IN
IMADO, TOKIO
" 135. CORNER OF
TEA-ROOM SHOWN IN FIG. 134
FIG. 136. ROOM IN SECOND
STORY OF OLD BUILDING IN KAWAGOYE, MUSASHI
" 137. ROOM IN KURA
FITTED UP AS A LIBRARY, TOKIO
" 138. FRAMEWORK FOR
DRAPING ROOM IN KURA. (COPIED FROM A
JAPANESE WORK) " 139. SPACE BETWEEN
DWELLING AND KURA, ROOFED OVER AND
UTILIZED AS A KITCHEN IN TOKIO
" 140. DOORWAY OF AN
OLD KURA IN KIOTO
" 141. KEY TO KURA, AND
BUNCH OF KEYS " 142. PADLOCK TO KURA
FIG. 143. PANELLED
CEILING " 144. RAMMA IN HAKÓNE
VILLAGE " 145. BAMBOO RAMMA " 146. PORCELAIN RAMMA
IN TOKIO " 147. RAMMA OF BAMBOO
AND PERFORATED PANEL " 148. CARVED-WOOD
RAMMA IN GOJIO VILLAGE, YAMATO
" 149. CARVED-WOOD
RAMMA IN TOWN OF YATSUSHIRO, HIGO " 150. RAMMA, COMPOSED
OF TWO THIN BOARDS, IN NAGOYA, OWARI " 151. SHŌJI FOR WINDOW
" 152. SHŌJI-FRAME FOR
WINDOW " 153. SHŌJI-FRAME FOR
WINDOW " 154. WINDOW
FIG. 155. BIYŌ-BU, OR
FOLDING SCREEN " 156. WROUGHT METALLIC
MOUNTING OF SCREEN FRAME " 157. SCREEN-BOX " 158. FOOT-WEIGHT FOR
SCREEN " 159. FUROSAKI BIYŌ-BU
" 160. MODEL OF
TSUI-TATE IN POTTERY
" 161. TSUI-TATE " 162. BAMBOO CURTAINS
" 163. BAMBOO CURTAIN
" 164. CURTAIN-SCREEN " 165. FRINGED CURTAIN
" 166. SLASHED CURTAIN
KITCHENS,
STAIRWAYS, ETC. FIG. 167. KITCHEN IN OLD
FARMHOUSE AT KABUTOYAMA
" 168. KITCHEN RANGE " 169. KITCHEN RANGE
WITH SMOKE-CONDUCTOR " 170. KITCHEN IN CITY
HOUSE " 171. BRAZIERS " 172. BAMBOO RACK AND
KNIFE-CASE
" 173. JI-ZAI
" 174. FIREPLACE IN
COUNTRY HOUSE
" 175. THE BEST
FIREPLACE
" 176. AN ADJUSTABLE
DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING A KETTLE
" 177. KITCHEN CLOSET,
DRAWERS, CUPBOARD, AND STAIRS COMBINED
" 178. STAIR-RAIL " 179. STEPS TO
VERANDAH
BATHING
CONVENIENCES. FIG. 180. BATH-TUB, WITH
SIDE OVEN " 181. BATH-TUB, WITH
INSIDE FLUE
" 182. BATH-TUB IN
SECTION, WITH OVEN OUTSIDE THE ROOM
" 183. BATH-TUB, WiTH
OUTSIDE HEATING-CHAMBER
" 184. BATH-TUB, WITH
IRON BASE
" 185. LAVATORY IN
COUNTRY INN
" 186. LAVATORY IN
PRIVATE HOUSE " 187. LAVATORY COPIED
FROM JAPANESE BOOK
" 188-192. FORMS OF
TOWEL-RACKS PILLOWS,
HIBACHI, AND TABAKO-BON. FIG. 193. FORMS OF PILLOW IN
COMMON USE
" 194. SHOWING POSITION
OF HEAD IN RESTING ON PILLOW
" 195. HEATING ARRANGEMENT IN FLOOR " 196. ELBOW-REST
" 197. COMMON HIBACHI " 198. HIBACHI
" 199. HIBACHI
" 200. HIBACHI ARRANGED
FOR COMPANY " 201. TABAKO-BON
" 202. TABAKO-BON
" 203. TABAKO-BON
" 204. PAN FOR HOLDING
BURNING CHARCOAL
FIG. 205. IRON CANDLESTICK " 206. LAMP
" 207. LAMP
" 208. LAMP AND LACQUERED
STAND. (COPIED FROM A JAPANESE
WORK.) " 209. WALL-LAMP " 210. LAMP
" 211. POTTERY LAMP
" 212. POTTERY LAMP " 213. POTTERY
CANDLESTICK " 214. FIXED
STREET-LANTERN " 215. HOUSEHOLD SHRINE
" 216. SWALLOWS' NESTS
IN PRIVATE HOUSE
PRIVIES. FIG. 217. INTERIOR OF PRIVY " 218. PRIVY OF INN IN
HACHI-ISHI VILLAGE, NIKKO " 219. PRIVY CONNECTED
WITH A MERCHANT'S HOUSE IN ASAKUSA
" 220. INTERIOR OF A
PRIVY IN ASAKUSA
FIG. 221. MAIN ENTRANCE TO
HOUSE " 222. PLAN OF
VESTIBULE AND HALL
" 223. SHOE-CLOSET " 224. LANTERN-SHELF IN
HALL
" 225. GRATED ENTRANCE
WITH SLIDING DOOR
FIG. 226. VERANDAH FLOOR " 227. VERANDAH OF AN
OLD KIOTO HOUSE
" 228. BALCONY RAIL " 229. BALCONY RAIL AND
PERFORATED PANELS " 230. BALCONY RAIL
" 231. BALCONY RAIL " 232. BALCONY RAIL
FIG. 233. RAIN-DOOR LOCK
UNBOLTED
" 234. RAIN-DOOR LOCK
BOLTED
" 235. KNOB FOR
RAIN-DOOR " 236. CORNER-ROLLER
FOR RAIN-DOOR
" 237. VERANDAH SHOW
ING SWINGING CLOSET FOR RAIN-DOORS AND
ALSO CHŌDZU-BACHI
FIG. 238. CHŌDZU-BACHI " 239. CHŌDZU-BACHI " 240. CHŌDZU-BACHI " 241. CHŌDZU-BACHI AND
HISASHI-YEN
FIG. 242. GATEWAY IN yashiki
BUILDING
" 243. GATEWAY OF CITY
HOUSE FROM WITHIN " 244. GATE-RATTLE
" 245. BOLT FOR LITTLE
SLIDING DOOR IN GATEWAY
" 246. GATEWAY TO CITY
RESIDENCE " 247. GATEWAY TO CITY
RESIDENCE " 248. GATEWAY NEAR
TOKIO " 249. GATEWAY
" 250. RUSTIC GATEWAY " 251. RUSTIC GATEWAY " 252, RUSTIC GARDEN
GATE " 253. GARDEN GATEWAY
FENCES. FIG. 254. ORDINARY WOODEN
FENCE
" 255. STAKE FENCE
" 256. BAMBOO FENCE " 257. FENCE IN HAKÓNE
VILLAGE
" 258. RUSTIC
GARDEN-FENCE " 259. SODE-GAKI " 260. SODE-GAKI " 261. SODE-GAKI " 262. BARRED OPENING
IN FENCE
STONE
LANTERNS, ETC. FIG. 263. GARDEN TABLET
" 264. ISHI-DŌRŌ
IN TOKIO
" 265. ISHI-DŌRŌ IN
MIYAMA
" 266. ISHI-DŌRŌ IN
SHIRAKO, MUSASHI
" 267. ISHI-DŌRŌ IN
UTSUNOMIYA
FIG. 268. STONE FOOT-BRIDGE " 269. STONE
FOOT-BRIDGE
" 270. GARDEN BROOK AND
FOOT-BRIDGE
FIG. 271. SUMMER-HOUSE IN
PRIVATE GARDEN, TOKIO
" 272. SUMMER-HOUSE IN
IMPERIAL GARDEN, TOKIO
" 273. RUSTIC OPENING
IN SUMMER-HOUSE, KOBE
" 274. RUSTIC OPENING
IN SUMMER-HOUSE, OKAZAKI
" 275. VARIOUS FORMS OF
GARDEN PATHS FLOWER
— POTS, DWARF — TREES, ETC. FIG. 276. WOODEN TROUGH FOR.
PLANTS " 277. PLANT-POT OF OLD
PLANK
" 278. DWARF PLUM
" 279. DWARF PINE
" 280. CURIOUSLY
TRAINED PINE-TREE
" 281. DWARFED PINE " 282. SHRUBS WRAPPED
IN STRAW FOR WINTER
GARDEN
VIEWS. FIG. 283. SHOWING APPROACHES
TO HOUSE. (REPRODUCED FROM
"CHIKUSAN TEIZODEN," A JAPANESE WORK) " 284. LITTLE GARDEN
BELONGING TO THE PRIESTS OF A BUDDHIST
TEMPLE (REPRODUCED FROM "CHIKUSAN TEIZODEN,"
A JAPANESE WORK.)
" 285. GARDEN OF A
MERCHANT. (REPRODUCED FROM "CHIKUSAN
TEIZODEN,"
A
JAPANESE WORK.)
" 286. GARDEN OF A
DAMIO (REPRODUCED FROM "CHIKUSAN TEIZODEN,"
A JAPANESE WORK)
FIG. 287. ANCIENT FORM OF
WELL-CURB
" 288. STONE WELL-CURB
IN PRIVATE GARDEN IN TOKIO
" 289. WOODEN
WELL-FRAME " 290. RUSTIC
WELL-FRAME
" 291. AQUEDUCT
RESERVOIR AT MIYAJIMA, AKI
" 292. AQUEDUCTS AT
MIYAJIMA , AKI " 293. WELL IN KAGA yashiki,
TOKIO
FLOWERS. FIG. 294. HANGING
FLOWER-HOLDER OF BAMBOO " 295. HANGING
FLOWER-HOLDER OF BASKET-WORK
" 296. CHEAP BRACKET
FOR FLOWER-POTS
" 297. CURIOUS
COMBINATION OF BUCKETS FOR FLOWERS
MISCELLANEOUS. FIG. 298. FRAMED PICTURE,
WITH SUPPORTS
" 299. HASHIRA-KAKUSHI
" 300. WRITING-DESK
" 301. STAGING ON
HOUSE-ROOF, WITH BUCKET AND BRUSH
" 302. BOX FOR
TRANSPORTING ARTICLES
OTHER
HOUSES. FIG. 303. MALAY HOUSE NEAR
SINGAPORE " 304. RIDGE OF ROOF IN
CHOLON, ANAM
" 305. INTERIOR OF
MALAY HOUSE, SHOWING BED-PLACE. SINGAPORE " 306. AINO HOUSE, YEZO |
