CHRONOLOGICAL
SUMMARY
By
5000 B.C.
City-states flourish in
South
Babylonia.
About 4500-2250
Expansion and Conflicts of
City-states.
"
4500
Enshagsagana, of Kengi,
victor over
Kish.
"
4400
Mesilim, king of Kish, victor
over
Shirpurla.
"
4200
Dynasty
of Ur Nina, king of Shirpurla, victor over
Gishban;
Stele of Vultures.
"
4000
Lugalzaggisi,
king of Gishban, ruler as far as the
Mediterranean.
"
3850
Alusharshid, of Kish,
conqueror of
Elam.
"
3800-3750
Sargon, king of Agade, and his son Naram
Sin,
lords
of the Mediterranean coast-land,
of northern
Mesopotamia, and of Elam.
"
3500
Ur Bau and other patesis of
Shirpurla.
"
3100
Gudea, patesi of
Shirpurla,
"
3000
Ur
Gur and Dungi I., kings of Ur, kings of Shumer and Akkad.
"
2900
Kings of Uruk and
Isin,
" 2800-2500
Second Dynasty of Ur; Dungi IL, lord
of the West.
" 2450-2300
Migrations and Invasions: Arabians and Elamites enter Babylon,
"
2400-2100
First Dynasty of kings of Babylon.
"
2290
Rim Sin, Elamite king
of Larsam,
king of Shumer and Akkad.
"
2297-2254
Khammurabi,
king of Babylon, victor over the
Elamites,
unifier
of
Babylonia.
"
2188-2151
Ammiditana, of Babylonia, king of the West.
"
2085-1717
Second Dynasty of Babylonian kings.
ln the centuries before 2000
B. C. Babylonian
influence, political and commercial, was
predominant in the Mediterranean coast-lands.
| Babylonia |
B.
C. |
Assyria |
Other
Countries |
Migrations
and Invasions. The world of Western
Asia
disturbed on every side. Babylonia
entered
by the Kassites
Third
Dynasty of Babylon: Kassite kings of
Karduniash
Agumkakrime, king of
Babylon
Boundary settlement
between Kara-indash
of Babylon and
Ashurbelnisheshu
Kadashman Bel
Burnaburyas I.
Kurigalzu I.
Burnaburyas II.
Kara Khardash
Marries daughter of
Ashuruballit
Kadashmankharbe
Suzigas
(Nazibugas), usurper
Kurigalzu II.
Victor over Elam and Assyria
Nazimaruttash
Kadashmanburyas
Four Babylonian
kings are defeated by the
Assyrian conqueror
Tukulti
Ninib
Adadshumuçur
Milishikhu, victory over Assyria
Mardukbaliddin, lord of the
Mesopotamian
valley
Zamatnashumiddin
Belahumiddin: last Kassite king
Fourth
Dynasty of Babylonia (Pashe)
Nebuchadrezzar I.: victor over
Elamites,
reaches the Mediterranean, wars
with
Assyria
Beluadinaplu
Marduknadinakhi
Invades Assyria but is driven
back
Marduksapikzerim
Adadapluiddin
Peace between Babylon and
Assyria
Fifth Dynasty of Babylonia (three
Sea Kings)
Sixth
Dynasty of Babylonia (three kings of
Bazi)
Seventh
Dynasty of Babylonia (the Elamite)
Probable invasions of Babylonia: the
Kaldi
in the south, the Elamites and other
peoples in the east, the Arameans in the
east and north
Tiglathpileser
II.: founder of a new line; beginning of
Assyrian recovery
Ashurdan
II.
Adadnirari
II.: victory over Babylonia; limu
list begins
Tukulti
Ninib II.: campaigns in the north
Ashurnaçirpal
III.: Assyrian ascendancy
established (1) in the north, campaigns
in 885,
884, 883, 880, 867; in the east,
campaigns in
882, 881; in west Mesopotamia, campaigns
in
884, 879, 878-875?; march to
Mediterranean,
876? Capital at Kalkhi
Shalmaneser
II.: incessant war; campaigns in
(1)
Babylonia, 852, 851, (2) west Mesopotamia,
851-856, (3) south Syria (Damascus), 854,
849,
846, 842, 839, (4) middle Syria,
850, 843, 841,
832, (5) north Syria and N. w., 840, 838,
837,
836, 834, (6) north, 860, 855, 853,
845,833, 831‑
828, (7) east, 844, 836
insurrection of Ashurdaninpal
Shamshi
Adad IV.: insurrection quelled
by
822; three
campaigns in north, six in Baby-
Ionia; the west abandoned.
Adadnirari
III.:
brilliant restoration of Assyrian
power in Syria, submission of
Damascus, cam‑
paigns of
806-803, 797; eight campaigns
against
Medes, reached the Caspian; six campaigns
in
N. E.; friendship with Babylonia.
Shalmaneser
III.:
decline; campaigns
against
(1) Arameans of north Babylonia, (2)
Urartu
(6 yrs.), (3) Damascus 773
Ashurdan III.:
decline ; campaigns in central
Syria (Hatarika), 772, 765
Eclipse of the Sun: rebellion in
Assur
Ashurnirari
II.:
against
Arpad 754
Rebellion in Kalkhi; collapse of the
dynasty
Tiglathpileser
III.:
restoration of Assyrian au-
thority on all sides; campaigns in (I)
Baby-
Ionia against Arameans, 745, against
Kaldi,
731, 729, 728, (2) east, 744, 737, (3)
north, 739,
736, 735, (4) Syria, against Arpad,
743-740,
region of Hamath, 738, Damascus, Israel
and
Philistia, 734-732
Shalmaneser
IV.: campaign
against rebellion in
Syria and Palestine, 725; siege of
Samaria,
724-722
Sargon:
Assyria at its height;
campaigns in
(1) Babylonia, 721, 710-709, (2) west,
722, 720
(Hamath), 715
(Arabia), 711 (Ashdod), (3)
north,
719, 716-714, (4) N. w., 718, 717, 715,
713-708
Assyria vs. Urartu; humiliation
of Urartu
City of Dur Sharrukin
built and made capital of
Assyria
Sennacherib:
campaigns in (1) east, 702, (2)
N. W., 697, (3) Babylonia, 703, 700, 695-694,
692
(Elam), 691, 690, (4) Phoenicia and
Palestine,
701. Capital at Nineveh
Sidon
favored by Assyria; Battle of Altaqu,
collapse of Palestinian rebellion
Esarhaddon:
expansion of Assyria; campaigns
against northeastern coalition before
673,
against Arabia 675-674, against Egypt
674,
673, 670, 668
Kimmerians
met in the N. W, and driven back
Rebellion
of Sidon broken; city destroyed
Revolt
and submission of Baal of Tyre
Lower
Egypt becomes an Assyrian province
Division
of Empire between sons of Esarhaddon
Ashurbanipal:
campaigns in (1) Egypt, 668-666,
661, (2) Elam, (3) Babylonia, (4) Arabia
and
the west, (5) north and N. W.
Important building operations; most
brilliant
age of Assyrian civilization
Ethiopians
retire from Egypt : Assyrians capture
Thebes
Battle of
Tulliz: Assyria defeats Elam
Gyges of
Lydia sends gifts to Assyrian king
Elam
devastated and kingdom destroyed
Rebellious
chiefs and states in Arabia
and
Palestine punished (Manasseh of Judah?)
Kimmerians
defeated by Assyrians in Cilicia
Records
of Ashurbanipal cease
Ashuretilili
and Sinsharishkun kings of Assyria
Last
struggles and fall of Assyrian monarchy and
destruction of Nineveh
New Babylonia
Nabupaluçur,
Kaldean king of Babylonia
Battle
of Karkhemish: Egypt driven from Syria
Nebuchadrezzar
II.:
building of temples, forti-
tications, canals, and palaces for
Babylon
Jehoiakim's
rebellion subdued
Rebellion
of the west subdued; Jerusalem de-
stroyed; kingdom of
Judah disappears
Siege of
Tyre
Amel
Marduk (murdered)
Nergalsharuçur
Labashi Marduk
(removed)
Nabuna'id
(usurper)
Alliance
of Babylonia, Lydia, Egypt, and Sparta
against Cyrus
Cyrus invades
Babylonia, captures Babylon, and
destroys
the New Babylonian Empire |
After 2000
About
1840-1700
About
1717-1140
ab. 1600
" 1450
" 1425
" 1400
" 1380
" 1350
" 1325
" 1310
" 1280
ab. 1250
" 1150
" 1140
" 1140-1007
?
1140-1123
ab. 1125
" 1122-1117
" 1116-1105
" 1110-1100
" 1090
" 1080
" 1060
" 1050
" 1000
About 1000
ab. 950
ab. 930
911-890
890-885
885-860
860-825
842
827-822
825-812
812-783
783-773
773-755
763
(June 15)
755-745
746
747-734
745-727
734
734-732
732
732-729
730
728-727
727-722
722-705
720-710
719-708
717
715
715-687
ab. 710
709
708
705-681
701
694-3
693
691
690
ab. 693-666
689-681
681-668
680-678
678
ab. 676
673
670-669
669
668 April
668-626
668-648
661
660
652-648
648-626
ab. 645
after
645
ab. 640
626-606?
ab.
608-606?
626-605
605
605-562
601-597
588-586
585-573?
ab. 584
ab. 568
562-560
560-556
556
555-539
550
ab.547
546-545
539-536 |
Earliest Patesis
and Kings of
Assyria. Ishme Dagan
and
Shamshi
Adad I.; Shamshi
Adad
II. son of Igur (Bel)-
kapkapu; Irishum son
of
Khallu; Ikunum son of
Irishum;
Shushpi-aibi; Su
lili
Ashurbelnisheshu of
Assyria
Puzur Ashur
Ashurnadinakhi I.
Ashuruballit
Nineteenth Dynasty in
Egypt
Belnirari, extension
of Assyria
to the east
Pudi-ilu
Adadnirari
I.
Shalmaneser I.,
extension of
Assyrian
power to the N. W.
Kalkhi
made the capital
Tukulti Ninib,
conqueror of
Babylonia, king of Babylon
Ashurnaçirpal I.
Belkuduruçur
Ninibapalekur
Ashurdan I., victor
over Babylon
Mutakkil Nusku
Ashurrishishi: eastern
wars
Tiglathpileser I.:
campaigns
in north, N. W., west
Meso‑
potamia, Babylonia,
Elam,
and Syria(?).
Wide exten‑
sion of Assyrian
territory
Ashurbelkala: capital
at Nin‑
eveh?
Shamshi Adad III.
Ashurnaçirpal II.
A period of decline
and dark‑
ness in Assyria: only kings'
names known are
Ashurkirbi (?)
Irba Adad
Ashurnadinakhi II.
Eighth Dynasty of Babylonia
Shamashmudammiq
Nabushumishkun: peace
with
Assyria
Nabuapaliddin
Marduknadinshum:
vassal of
Shalmaneser II.
Nabunaçir: Canon of
Ptolemy
and Babylonian Chronicle
begin with him
Nabunadinziri (Nadinu)
Nabushumukin, usurper
Ukinzir of Kaldu,
usurper;
appearance of Mardukbaliddin,
who pays tribute to
Tiglathpileser III.
Tiglathpileser III., king of
Babylon under name of
Pulu
Shalmaneser IV. king
of Babylon
under name of Ulula'a
Mardukbaliddin king
in Baby-
Ion ; Elam joins the
Kaldi
against Assyria
Sargon king in
Babylon: later
Shakkanak Bel
Mardukzakirshum
Mardukbaliddin
Belibni
Ashurnadinshum
Nergalushezib
Mushezib Marduk
Battle of Khalule
Destruction of Babylon
Sennacherib king in
Babylon;
Esarhaddon governor of
Babylon?
Esarhaddon Shakkanak
Bel
Rebuilding of Babylon
Shamashshumukin king of
Babylon
Rebellion of
Shamashshumukin
and its repression
Ashurbanipal king of
Babylon
under name of Kandalanu
Independence of
Babylon un-
der Nabupaluçur
League of Nabupaluçur
and
Cyaxares for the overthrow
of Assyria |
Arameans
appear in northern
Mesopotamia and Khatti
in
northern Syria
Hyksos enter and
dominate
Egypt
for two hundred and
fifty
years
Hyksos driven out of
Egypt
Eighteenth Dynasty in
Egypt
conquers and rules
between
the Nile and the
Euphrates
Thutmose III. (ab.
1480-1427)
The Tel-el-Amarna
Letters
Khatti (Hittites)
advance and
dominate Syria; Egypt
withdraws
to Palestine
Migration of the "Sea
Peo‑
ples" into Syria and over‑
throw of Kingdom of Khatti
Establishment of the
Philis‑
tines in Palestine
Israel enters the
"Promised
Land"
Great migrations and
confusion
in Western Asia. Arameans
move into Upper Mesopo‑
tamia and north Syria;
Urartians appear in the
north and Phrygians in
Asia Minor
Founding of the
Kingdom of
Israel
David and Solomon of
Israel
Hiram I. of Tyre.
Recovery of Egypt.
22d dyn.
Sheshonk I.
Kingdom of Israel
disrupted
Rise of kingdom of
Damascus,
Ben Hadad I.
Formation of Kingdom
of
Urartu: Kings Lutipris and
Sarduris I,
Kingdom of Urartu
estab‑
lished to the east of Lake
Van. Kings Arame and
Sarduris II.
Jehu of Israel pays
tribute to
Assyria
lshpuinis of Masan
Menuas of Urartu
"Mari"
(Benhadad III.) of
Damascus Assyrian
vassal
Argistis I. of Urartu;
wide ex‑
tension of the kingdom
at
the expense of Assyria
Sarduris III. of
Urartu de-
feated by Assyria
Ahaz of Judah
(735-715) As‑
syrian vassal.
Kingdom of
Damascus destroyed.
Hoshea
Of Israel Assyrian
vassal
Rusas I. of Urartu
Kingdom of Israel
destroyed
Khumbanigash of Elam
Shuturnakhundi of Elam
Shabako, Ethiopian
ruler of
Egypt; 25th dynasty
Hezekiah of Judah
Argistis II. of Urartu
Kallushu of Elam
Kudurnakhundi of Elam
Ummanmenanu of Elam
Taharqa of Egypt
Khummakhaldash I. and
II.
of Elam
New migrations in the
northern
mountains: Kimmerians
and Scythians appear
Urtaki of Elam
League of northern and
northeastern states shat‑
tered by Assyrian war and
diplomacy
Tanutamon Ethiopian king in
Egypt
Teumman of Elam
Khumbanigash II. of Elam
Assyrian vassal
Tammaritu, Indabigash
and
Khummakhaldash III.
succes‑
sively kings of Elam
Persians begin to take
pos‑
session of Elam
Practical independence
of
Egypt under Psamtik I.
26th dynasty
Organization of
Median king‑
dom under Cyaxares
Influx of Scythian
hordes
Other Countries
Necho II. of Egypt,
enters
Syria, defeats Josiah of Judah
Jehoiakim of Judah
(607-597) vassal
of Egypt and Babylon
Jehoiachin of Judah
(597)
Zedekiah of Judah
(597-586)
Hophra of Egypt
Amasis of Egypt
Astyages, king of
Media
Babylonian invasion
of Egypt
Rise of Cyrus, king
of Anshan
Medo-Persian Empire
founded by Cyrus
Cyrus overthrows
Crœsus of Lydia |
|
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